Khatai

As many of the illustrations show, color adds impact to presentation aids. Clearly, most colored presentation aids can attract and hold attention better than black-and-white aids. Color also is a subtle way to convey or enhance meaning.
For example, a speech about crop damage from a drought might use an enlarged outline map showing the least affected areas in green, moderately damaged areas in orange, and severely affected areas in brown.
The natural colors would reinforce the message.
Color can also be used to create moods and impressions.
For example,
blue suggests power, authority, and stability (blue chip, blue ribbon, royal blue). Using blue in your graphics can invest them with these qualities.
Red signals excitement and may be used to indicate the presence of crisis (in the red, red ink).
Line graphs tracing the rise in cases of AIDS could be portrayed in red to convey a sense of urgency.You should avoid using red when presenting financial data unless you want to focus on debts or losses.

Emphasis.

Keep presentation aids simple, so that they emphasize only what your speech emphasizes. Each aid should make only one point. Your listeners’ eyes should be drawn immediately to what you want to illustrate. The map of Yellowstone Park eliminates all information except what the speaker wishes to stress.

Had the speaker added pictures of bears to indicate grizzly habitat and drawings of fish to show trout streams, the presentation aid would have been more distracting than helpful. Avoid irrelevant cuteness! Graphics prepared for handouts may be more detailed than those used for posters, slides, or transparencies, but they should not contain extraneous material. When in doubt, leave the details out. Let your words provide the elaboration.

Balance.

Proper balance, as an important requirement for speech structure, is also important for visual materials. Your presentation aid should be balanced so that it is pleasing to the eye. The focal point of the aid can be the actual center of the chart or poster, or it can be deliberately placed off-center for the sake of variety.

You should have a margin of about two inches at the top and bottom of a flip chart or large poster board. On computer-generated graphics, you should leave blank space at both the top and the bottom. You should also have equal side margins. For poster boards and flip charts, these margins should be at least one and a half inches wide. On computer-generated graphics, they should be at least an inch wide.

Presentation aids can be powerful, but they can also deceive. They can raise challenging ethical questions.
For example, the most famous photographer of the Civil War, Matthew Brady, rearranged bodies on the battlefield to enhance the impact of his pictures. Eighty years later, another American war photographer carefully staged the now celebrated photograph of marines planting the flag at Iwo Jima.
Fifty years after that, Time magazine electronically manipulated a cover photograph of 0. J. Simpson to “darken it and achieve a brooding, menacing quality.”° On the one hand, these famous images may be fabrications: They pretend to be what they are not. On the other hand, they may bring home the reality they represent more forcefully.
In other words, the form of the photos is a lie, but the lie may work to reveal a deeper truth. Are these photographs unethical, or are they simply artistic?
Perhaps we can agree that with today’s technology, the potential for abuse looms quite large. Video editing easily produces illusions of reality. Consider how movie makers depicted Forrest Gump shaking hands with Presidents Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon. Or call to mind the image of the late Fred Astaire dancing with a vacuum cleaner in a recent television commercial.
In movies and ads, such distortions can be amusing. When they purportedly convey real-life images, as when television networks and newspapers “stage” crashes and other visuals to make their stories more dramatic without letting us in on the artifice, they can be quite deceptive.
Atstele,Afstp,Bingo

I was once a librarian. That was one year I can never forget. Some time in 1968, when I was a graduate student in the U.S., I had the opportunity to work as a librarian in a special school, the Rackham School at Eastern Michigan University. It was a small library with about 300 children’s books and a file box. But what struck me most was that it was an empty library. The children did not come to read. Understandably so, because there was no one to care for this library. This was a challenge to my creativity How could I make this a meaningful place for young children? I thought that first, I must go out and meet the children. I brought along some interesting storybooks and went to their classrooms and read to them. Now they knew that someone did care for their books and that started the flow of varied personalities into the little library.
The library flourished and pretty soon the children got so hooked on the books that fights would break out among them over the reading materials. It was a memorable year for me, not only because I had succeeded in drawing the youngsters to the place, but also because they eventually learned to enjoy reading.
As a parent, you may ask yourself, “how can I encourage my children to read?” The answer to this question is to excite their curiosity. When you make a child aware of his surroundings, he becomes an inquirer; he becomes curious, and wants to learn more. I think this is the first step to reading. When you go outdoors, elicit observations from the children and share some of your own. When thus challenged, their minds start to think. I think TV becomes a hindrance because it doesn’t allow a child to ask questions or become sensitive to their environment. Television, in many ways, does the thinking for children. And we must be aware that TV competes with reading time. Once curiosity is aroused, children will want to know more. And a good way to find out more, is to read a book. Many times, we may not find the answer we are seeking, but books always have a way of introducing you to other experiences. It is like the yellow pages — you don’t have to go far when “you walk the yellow pages”. Reading not only teaches you how to gather facts, but also helps you experience other ways of thinking. But before one can cultivate a zest for reading in the child, we must first make a quick check on the child’s health — if there are any physical or psychological obstacles to reading.
To check his eyesight, ask the child to name the pictures on the wall. To check for hearing, call out his name and see if he responds. Does he look straight at you when you talk to him or does he incline his ear towards your voice? Is the child emotionally well? Many times, children with psychological problems cannot concentrate on a story. Listening or reading becomes difficult for them. When all these factors are fine, work on attitude building. This is most important with young children. It is not memorizing a story that matters, rather it is learning to appreciate literature. When we read a good poem or story a day to a child, this will certainly encourage him to want to learn to read on his own. Reading builds writers. To further encourage reading as well as writing, let children draw or illustrate their own life stories. Do not as much as possible, correct errors. Criticism at this early stage may discourage him from expressing his innermost thoughts and feelings as well as from experimenting with his new found skill. We have not reached that stage where we can be truly called a “nation of readers”. As the more responsible members of society — we can start by being ourselves curious about what lies between a book’s covers. We will surely be convinced about the good value of books when we observe our young children enjoying storytelling and wanting to read and read and read. At that point, it would be safe to say they will be ready for the world.

Leo Lion is 74 years old, quite elderly for a well-known author very good children’s books. He says he does not know much about children, and yet, his children’s books appeal to both young and old.
The author of Little Blue, Yellow Blue, Inch l,j Inch, and several other books puts it this way, “the fact is that I really don’t make books children at all. I make them for that part of us, of myself, and of friends, which has never changed, that part which is still a child” (Lionni, 1964). Doing something silly, being adventurous, trying something new — bring out the child in us. Moments like these are captured in many popular children’s books. These books are just waiting to be read. Unfortunately, it seems that there are few takers among our young Filipino readers.
In the recently concluded Seminar Workshop for Librarian initiated by the Philippine Board on Books for Young People, a fact surfaced that books are just too expensive these days. A more disturbing fact was that the reading habit is not as consciously developed among our Filipino children as it should be. Comic books seem to attract the youngsters more than storybooks. Two factors observed to have contributed to the low interest in reading were television viewing and rote learning in schools. More and more, find children watching television at home for at least 3 to 4 hours a day. As a result, less time is spent for family interaction as well as for leisure reading. One consequence is that our children’s vocabulary has become limited to simple common everyday language. Television shows in general, do not allow the child to figure out several solutions to a problem. More often than not, the story line is already set. Reading, on the other hand, develops language skills and the use of symbols and details.
Another passive form is rote learning. This takes place in many schools in the country. Children have to memorize instead of being given a chance to seek knowledge in various ways. Tests and re-tests on facts do not give the child a chance to think through complex ideas or concepts.
To resolve this, one need not pull out the TV set from the living room, rather, set time each day to encourage reading at home. It need not be books alone, because magazines and newspapers contain interesting stories too. If these reading materials are placed strategically in areas most frequented by the children, chances are, these will be read.
Young children have shown greater success in achievement tests when they have had opportunities to explore and become critical thinkers (Glickman, 1979). A wise teacher will often pause during storytelling and ask the child what he thinks of the plot or, leading questions such as, “What do you think will happen next?” There is never a wrong answer — as the child ventures to create and re-create his own version of the story.
An infant of 6 months can be read to. As he starts to focus on objects and becomes familiar with members of his family, the infant can be exposed to colorful picture books. As he gets older and can sit upright, big picture books become just right for mama or papa to prop before the child — as the two read and look at the picture. Glossy pictures may seem more attractive but they can be glaring to the eyes. Matte-finished books are preferable in this case.
Books should be “baby-handled”. Turning pages is always fun for the toddler. Reading with a theatrical flair is quite important too. Freddie Santos, a seasoned stage actor, advises adults to give each character
“voice” role; perhaps, a gruff, deep voice for a giant and a lilting, soft one for a little girl.
Use of the hands and exaggerated facial expressions makes the story come alive for the young ones. Preschoolers enjoy mimicking their par.. ents or teachers, particularly in the way a story was read to them. There is a lot of role modeling when it comes to working with children.
Books can be expensive these days, but there are alternatives to this. Some city have a beginning collection of children’s books and there are a few good public libraries that carry books for youngsters as well. Visual aids as puppets, movies, and films, are often shown in some of the libraries.
Children can recreate the stories by making art work based on the story line. At the U.P. Integrated High School, the children make their own storybooks and these are displayed and read in the library. Stories made by children seem to be the best children’s stories, so far.

Children who are exposed to a variety of subjects enjoy vicarious experiences. This is most especially advantageous for handicapped children. The physically disabled get to read about how it feels to climb mountains. The socially handicapped child understands why mothers and fathers sometimes fight, why raising a happy family is important, or how a young boy recycles objects and makes something useful out of it.
The love of reading doesn’t just happen. It takes a lot of planning and work on the part of adults to encourage children to love reading. A deep and lasting appreciation for books comes from time set aside for reading, the availability of books, and encouragement from community libraries.

It was raining that one afternoon. My sister went home crying, my mother thought that she was crying because she was wet by the rain. But she still keeps on crying, she was in grade one at primary school a week from the beginning of the classes. My mother change her clothes but she still keeps on crying. My mother don’t know what to do. So I came over and asks my little sister why is she crying. I asks if she feels anything wrong. If she feels hurt, she said “no”. I asks her if someone bullies her in their school she said no one bullies her. I told her I brought her new stuff toys. She stops crying, then I asks no more why did she cry? I ask her if we can eat snacks at the dining room.

While eating I felt that she’s not sad anymore. I asked her “why are you crying when you went home?”. She said her classmate mocked her in front of the class because she had an unfinished homework. That’s why she cry. I told her if her teacher gets angry because she didn’t have homework. She sad “no” and told her to next time do her homework. I told her that don’t cry easily.Be strong.

It’s was afternoon, I was standing at our door. In a few hours the sun will set. I have nothing to do inside the house. I don’t like the afternoon drama shows. I want to feel the fresh air outside so I went out. I sat down on the chair nearby. It was a little windy, a dry leaf fall into my feet. I look around I see there are a lot of leafs in the ground. So I asks my little brother to get the bamboo broom. I start brooming the ground, when my mother saw me asks me why am i doing that. I told her I have nothing to do inside the house I feel bored, so I went out and saw the ground were full of dry leaf so I decided to clean it up. My mother said it’s a good exercise. You can help me clean the backyard as well as you can have your body exercise. Why don’t you make it a daily habit.

So now, when I have nothing to do, I check the backyard if its clean. Even not so many leafs, I broom the ground. If I free time. I even cut the grass.

A brother of mine didn’t finish his high school. At that time he became uninterested in studying. What he likes is just staying home playing computer games. Even if our father scolds him he didn’t care. So our mother let him. Until time comes, we were on the mall he saw his former classmates in the mall working on a boutique as a merchandiser. He saw my brother and asks him if why did he stopped attending school. My brother didn’t reply and think for a moment. He said he has more important thing to do. When we were walking he became quiet. I asks him why, he said if he didn’t stopped attending his school he maybe now working together or the same as his co-students. He maybe helping our parents to earn income. I told him he can still be one. A friend of mine has taken an exam, he also don’t finish high school but he is now a college student taking an education course. She said she just took an exam as an acceleration. They issued her a diploma so she can enrolled a college course. My brother said he still have a second chance. He’ll start a new things to do now.

Studying is only a means, not an end or aim in itself. Its aim or purpose is to get the knowledge needed to be come an effective, happy person. You are really studying how to live in this world as fruitfully and happily as possible. It includes everything else in between. Now that you recognize you ultimate aim, you can begin to work on how to achieve it.

Therefore, rearrange your view so as to make this the aim of your studying efforts. When you move in that directions, things begin to have another dimension, sacrifices assume another meaning. Now, you are not limited to empty vainglory, but have become part of a humanity that shares a common goal.

It is an honor and privilege to be invited to speak before an esteemed group of teachers this morning. The work that you do, teaching young children — especially those who cannot afford regular private preschool education, is one profession that should be given due recognition. During these critical times when we see around us a breakdown of morai values, especially among the young, such as child prostitution, children on the streets, a rise in drug abuse and alaimiiig rates of school dropouts — teachers in early education are the most needed today. I-low, you might ask, can you lessen such social ills? Should this not be left to the economic planners, to the Ministry of Social Services? You teachers, save lives. You give the child the first impressions of learning — knowing the joys of going to school.
The importance of early childhood education was emphasized in a 1968 final report of the international symposium held at UNESCO on Brain Research and Human Behavior. This was attended by 78 researchers from 22 countries, 6 of whom were Nobel Prize-winners. They made the following point which emphasizes the importance of good stimulation at an early age. To quote, ‘At 6 years of age, the human brain attains 90% of its weight in the adult, the remaining 10% being gained during the next 10 years of life’. This means that the neurological circuits if not brought into use in time may never be able to function at full capacity after 6 years old.

Many of the children we see in the streets, day or night, may have never experienced good early stimulation programs, as you are now giving the children in some parts of  City and . And because of this, plus other factors such as poverty, and poor family relationships, these children will have no interest or little at all to want to go to school — to want to learn about the world and how they can live a better life. Think a moment about that. Are we developing a nation of non learners?